Elementary School - Grade 4
Lesson 5: Noun Connectors
"and" / "with" (하고, (이)랑, 와/과)
Connecting Nouns
You've learned how to connect verbs and clauses (like "I ate *and* I slept"). But how do you connect simple nouns? How do you say "I bought bread *and* milk" or "I went *with* a friend"?
This lesson covers the three main particles used to connect nouns. They all mean "and" or "with."
The Three Connectors
We have three options: two are common in speaking, and one is more common in writing.
Speaking (Easiest)
하고
Use after *any* noun (vowel or consonant). Very common in speech.
Speaking (Common)
(이)랑
`이랑` after a consonant.
`랑` after a vowel.
Writing / Formal
와/과
`과` after a consonant.
`와` after a vowel.
"And" vs. "With"
These particles are brilliant because they can mean "and" or "with" depending on the sentence. The context makes it clear.
Meaning 1: "And" (Listing Nouns)
빵하고 우유를 샀어요.
I bought bread and milk.
사과랑 오렌지를 주세요.
Please give me an apple and an orange. (Spoken)
책과 연필이 있어요.
There is a book and a pencil. (Written)
Meaning 2: "With" (Doing together)
친구하고 영화를 봤어요.
I watched a movie with a friend.
선생님이랑 이야기했어요.
I talked with the teacher. (Spoken)
Coming Up Next...
Great! We're mastering particles. The next one is super useful. It has two main meanings: it can tell you the *direction* you're going ("toward") or the *tool* you're using ("by" or "with").